To reuse the example above, they can launch a DOS attack that may harm the underlying OS or the other containers.
If an attacker compromises a container, they can still y have a better chance of affecting the other containers than they do VMs in a similar scenario. Docker has had vulnerabilities too, like the Doki malware that took advantage of Linux kernel flaws to target containers. With Docker, they're isolated by a Linux kernel, and the Linux kernel has had vulnerabilities in the past. They're isolated from each other by a kernel, not a hypervisor.
If a container has a vulnerability, it's likely to be in the application that's running in it, and that weakness would be there if it ran in a VM or on an actual system.īut containers share an underlying operating system. So in theory, they have less attack surface than a VM. Usually, the first step in securing a VM is turning off or removing anything that isn't needed.Ĭontainers only run a single application. You need to secure your VMs the same way you do any other system. That said, a VM runs an entire operating system, so it has the same attack surface as an actual system. For example, if an attacker successfully breaches a VM and tries a denial-of-service (DOS) attack, the hypervisor limits the resource the compromised system can have, so the attack won't disable the host system or hurt the other VMs. Since they don't share any resources, compromising one VM doesn't help you gain access to others. Virtual machines have strong isolation between each other and their host. The operating system manages access to memory, disk, and OS resources.Ĭontainers are lighter-weight than VMs, but that doesn't make them better. Instead of a hypervisor, containers run on the underlying operating system, but they're still isolated.
So, for example, you can run a Linux application in a container on a Mac. You can run that package on any system that supports the container system. Instead of running an entire emulated system, they package an application's dependencies, including the operating system, into a single package. What’s a Container?Ĭontainers take a different approach to virtualization. Hypervisors are lightweight processes and can handle many virtual machines on a single computer. VMs run on hypervisors that manage access to the underlying hardware.
This is a useful technique for testing software on different versions of the same OS without more than one computer.
You can even run a complete Windows system inside another.
So, you can run a virtual Linux system on a Windows laptop. It uses software to simulate hard drives, memory, CPUs, and graphics cards. What’s a Virtual Machine?Ī VM emulates a physical computer. These differences have a direct effect on their security profiles. VMs: What's the Difference?īefore we delve into security, we need to start with a quick overview of VMs and containers, and how they differ.
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